Niger’s military government has officially declared Hausa as the country’s new national language, marking a significant shift from its colonial legacy where French was central. This decision was formalized in a new charter released on March 31, published in a special edition of the government’s official journal.
According to the document, “The national language is Hausa,” while “the working languages are English and French.” Despite the inclusion of English and French for official matters, the move reflects Niger’s broader aim to embrace its indigenous cultures and traditions. Hausa, already the most widely spoken language across Niger, especially in regions such as Zinder, Maradi, and Tahoua, is understood by nearly the entire population of approximately 26 million people. In contrast, French, spoken by only around three million people, represents just 13% of the population.
The new charter also recognizes nine other local languages, including Zarma-Songhay, Fula, Kanuri, Gourmanche, and Arabic, as “the spoken languages of Niger,” further emphasizing the country’s commitment to its linguistic diversity.
This language change comes after a national meeting in February, during which the military government gained substantial support. General Abdourahamane Tiani, the leader of the junta, was granted approval to remain in power for another five years. Since taking control in a coup in July 2023 that ousted the civilian president, Mohamed Bazoum, the military government has systematically distanced itself from France. These measures include withdrawing French troops, severing diplomatic relations, and renaming streets and buildings that previously bore French names.
Niger follows the lead of neighboring Mali and Burkina Faso, which, like Niger, were once French colonies. These countries, now under military rule, are taking similar steps by withdrawing from the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, a group that supports French-speaking nations.
